{"id":7194,"date":"2025-12-22T14:44:28","date_gmt":"2025-12-22T11:44:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/?p=7194"},"modified":"2025-12-24T09:37:33","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T06:37:33","slug":"7194","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/en\/2025\/12\/22\/7194\/","title":{"rendered":"How the Current Catastrophic Situation in Armenia Began: From Romanticized Independence to Systemic Vulnerability \u2013 Part 3. The Era of Robert Kocharyan (continuation)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style='padding-bottom:10px;font-size:30px;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote modern-centered   av-inherit-size'><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >How the Current Catastrophic Situation in Armenia Began: From Romanticized Independence to Systemic Vulnerability \u2013 Part 3. The Era of Robert Kocharyan (continuation)<\/h3><div class ='av-subheading av-subheading_below' style='font-size:28px;'><p>ARMENIA, OCTOBER 27, 1999: THE ATTACK THAT SHOOK THE COUNTRY<\/p>\n<\/div><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first\" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-align-center'  itemprop=\"ImageObject\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><img class='avia_image' src='https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/27-oktjabrja-1999.webp' alt='' title='27 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 1999'   itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first\" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'   itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\"translation-block\">The morning of October 27, 1999, began as an ordinary day in the Armenian Parliament,  <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armenian_parliament_shooting\" target=\"_self\">but it soon turned into a tragedy<\/a> that shook the entire country. Nairi Hunanyan, armed and determined, entered the assembly hall accompanied by his closest relatives \u2014 his brother Karen Hunanyan and his uncle Vram Galstyan \u2014as well as several trusted associates: Derenik Bejanyan and Eduard Grigoryan. This was not a spontaneously formed group; its members were bound by blood and friendship, trust, and a shared conviction that radical measures were necessary.<\/p>\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nairi_Hunanyan\" target=\"_self\">Hunanyan\u2019s group<\/a>  acted with a high level of coordination. Family ties provided not only moral support but also operational cooperation, which was crucial for the preparation and execution of such an attack. His brother and uncle were fully involved, sharing feelings of injustice, disappointment, and frustration with the political regime.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u0555\u0580\u0561\u0581\u0578\u0582\u0575\u0581. 27-\u0568 \u0540\u0578\u056f\u057f\u0565\u0574\u0562\u0565\u0580\u056b.\u0533\u0561\u0580\u0565\u0563\u056b\u0576 \u0532-\u0576 \u0570\u0561\u0575\u057f\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0574 \u0567 \u0531\u053a-\u056b \u0561\u0570\u0561\u0562\u0565\u056f\u0579\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0575\u0561\u0576 \u0574\u0561\u057d\u056b\u0576\" width=\"1500\" height=\"844\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sXhfxfSzCLo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first\" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'   itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The chronology of the attack was swift and precise.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">At around 5:15 p.m. local time, the group burst into the assembly hall, concealing firearms under long trench coats. The first target was Prime Minister Vazgen Sargsyan, followed by Parliament Speaker Karen Demirchyan and several members of parliament.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As a result, eight high-ranking officials, including the deputy speakers and a minister, were killed. After the shooting, the attackers took hostages and held them until the following day, October 28. Following lengthy negotiations with the authorities and after receiving security guarantees, they eventually surrendered to the police.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding\" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-align-center'  itemprop=\"ImageObject\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><img class='avia_image' src='https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/ubitye-deputaty-i-gosudarstvennye-dejateli-27-oktjabrja-1999-goda-v-parlamente-armenii.jpg' alt='' title=''   itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first\" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'   itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\"translation-block\">According to Nairi Hunanyan, the group\u2019s motives were deeply personal and based on the belief that radical action would help \u201cclean the country of corruption and collapse.\u201d However, the group\u2019s composition \u2014 close relatives and trusted associates \u2014 indicates that the decision to carry out the attack was made in advance. The participants acted as a single entity, following an agreed tactical plan until the moment of surrender. People who knew Nairi Hunanyan <a href=\"https:\/\/azg.am\/tpagir\/1999\/192.pdf\" target=\"_self\">believe he was driven by a desire to become a national hero<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div style='padding-bottom:10px;font-size:25px;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote   av-inherit-size'><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Following the Tragedy: Propaganda Campaign and Attempts to Shift Responsibility<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first\" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'   itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Immediately after the tragic events of October 27, 1999, a large-scale information and political campaign was launched in Armenia, aimed at accusing Robert Kocharyan and Russia of organizing the attack on Parliament. Several key actors stood behind this campaign.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Representatives of Vazgen Sargsyan\u2019s circle and the successors of Karen Demirchyan openly questioned the impartiality of the investigation, fueling growing public distrust toward the authorities. Through public statements and extensive use of mass media, they promoted a narrative of external interference and \u201cundiscovered motives\u201d behind the assassinations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Yerkrapah Union of Volunteers, through pressure on the investigation and direct engagement with parliamentarians and law enforcement bodies, generated media coverage emphasizing the alleged \u201cincompleteness\u201d and \u201cineffectiveness\u201d of the investigation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Military Prosecutor Gagik Jhangiryan, who had close ties to Sargsyan\u2019s family, headed the investigation, further politicizing the events. His actions created the impression that the investigation was being used as a tool to exert pressure on political opponents<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Levon Ter-Petrosyan and his supporters used the tragedy to criticize Robert Kocharyan. While there is no direct evidence that these actions were coordinated, their public statements and support for opposition media were evident.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Opposition media outlets and analytical newspaper articles shaped public opinion by focusing on \u201cundiscovered motives\u201d behind the assassinations and portraying the events as the result of external or hidden interference.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This information campaign caused a major public outcry, heightened political tensions, and created an atmosphere in which the actions of a radical individual were perceived as part of a broader domestic or international political game. Media publications and analytical commentaries repeatedly circulated narratives accusing Kocharyan of complicity and alleging Russian interference \u2014 despite the absence of direct evidence and despite findings pointing to Hunanyan\u2019s personal initiative. At the same time, it should be noted that the investigation was effectively under the influence of Vazgen Sargsyan\u2019s family, as it was led by a family associate, Military Prosecutor Gagik Jhangiryan. This further increased the political coloration of the investigation and contributed to the information campaign surrounding it.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For example, in October 2001, the leader of the opposition Republic Party, Albert Bazeyan, publicly stated that the events of October 27 had been organized by Robert Kocharyan and Serzh Sargsyan.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u0555\u0580\u0561\u0581\u0578\u0582\u0575\u0581. \u00ab\u0540\u0578\u056f\u057f\u0565\u0574\u0562\u0565\u0580\u056b 27-\u056b \u0569\u056b\u056f\u0578\u0582\u0576\u0584\u0578\u0582\u0574 \u054c\u0578\u0562\u0565\u0580\u057f \u0554\u0578\u0579\u0561\u0580\u0575\u0561\u0576\u0576 \u0578\u0582 \u054d\u0565\u0580\u056a \u054d\u0561\u0580\u0563\u057d\u0575\u0561\u0576\u0576 \u0565\u0576\u00bb. \u0531\u056c\u0562\u0565\u0580\u057f \u0532\u0561\u0566\u0565\u0575\u0561\u0576\" width=\"1500\" height=\"844\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TMMfHZTsIBo?start=5&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>On October 20, 2000, Ashot Manucharyan also voiced similar accusations against Robert Kocharyan, believing that the key motive behind the murder of Vazgen Sargsyan was the issue of a possible exchange of Meghri for the Lachin Corridor.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u0555\u0580\u0561\u0581\u0578\u0582\u0575\u0581.20-\u0568 \u0540\u0578\u056f\u057f\u0565\u0574\u0562\u0565\u0580\u056b.  \u054d\u057a\u0561\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0576\u0576\u0565\u0580\u056b \u0563\u056c\u056d\u0561\u057e\u0578\u0580 \u057e\u0561\u0580\u056f\u0561\u056e\u0568 \u0544\u0565\u0572\u0580\u056b\u056b \u0583\u0578\u056d\u0561\u0576\u0561\u056f\u0578\u0582\u0574\u0576 \u0567 \u053c\u0561\u0579\u056b\u0576\u056b \u0574\u056b\u057b\u0561\u0576\u0581\u0584\u056b \u0570\u0565\u057f\" width=\"1500\" height=\"844\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wFxWHnp63Eg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nairi Hunanyan's Personal Motivation<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div style='padding-bottom:10px;font-size:25px;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote   av-inherit-size'><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >\u041b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041d\u0430\u0438\u0440\u0438 \u0423\u043d\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043d\u0430<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first\" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>At the same time, a subjective analysis of materials related to the events of October 27 indicates that the assassination of Vazgen Sargsyan was Hunanyan\u2019s personal initiative. He was convinced that he was capable of saving a people devastated by tyranny and injustice. Amid deep public discontent following the 1996 elections, Hunanyan came to the conclusion that there were no legitimate means to change the authorities.\n\u201cThey drained the people dry, scum,\u201d were Hunanyan\u2019s first words after the tragedy.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding\" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'   itemprop=\"text\" ><div class='avia-iframe-wrap'><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u0540\u0578\u056f\u057f\u0565\u0574\u0562\u0565\u0580\u056b 27. \u0535\u0580\u056f\u0562\u0587\u0565\u057c \u056b\u0577\u056d\u0561\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0575\u0561\u0576 \u0561\u057e\u0561\u0580\u057f\u0568 | \u0546\u0578\u0580\u0561\u0563\u0578\u0582\u0575\u0576 \u057a\u0561\u057f\u0574\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0576\" width=\"1500\" height=\"844\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lNaEKy0D_5g?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first\" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'   itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\"translation-block\">He was not carrying out anyone\u2019s order. By involving his brother and uncle, he placed their lives at risk. Public dissatisfaction and frustration with Sargsyan were widespread. Nairi hoped his actions would be perceived as an act of national revenge and believed this was his chance to become a national hero who would save the people from \u201ctyranny and outrage.\u201d What he did not anticipate was being labeled a terrorist. In an interview with the A+ television channel, Hunanyan stated:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cIt was considered the only possible way to somehow stop the destruction process of our nation.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first\" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>This interpretation is supported by testimony from Robert Kocharyan:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cOur conversation lasted about 20 minutes. He tried to remind me of our meeting in 1988. When asked whether he had any personal hostility toward Sargsyan, he answered negatively and complained about the situation in the country, Sargsyan\u2019s role in hindering development, and the need for a shock. He said he had taken this step for the people, for history, and that future generations would appreciate it. Apart from Sargsyan, all the casualties were accidental\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/irazek.am\">, Kocharyan said.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding\" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-align-center'  itemprop=\"ImageObject\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><img class='avia_image' src='https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/robert-kocharjan_001.jpg' alt='' title='Robert Kocharyan'   itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first\" style='border-radius:0px; '><div class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-align-center'  itemprop=\"ImageObject\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><img class='avia_image' src='https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/vazgen-manukjan_001.jpg' alt='' title='\u0412\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0435\u043d \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0443\u043a\u044f\u043d'   itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding\" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'   itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The version suggesting the complicity of the first president, Levon Ter-Petrosyan, does not withstand scrutiny. Vazgen Manukyan, one of Ter-Petrosyan\u2019s key opponents, openly stated:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u201cI am not a supporter of conspiracy theories\u2026 there was no force behind it, no one incited it,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aravot.am\/2019\/03\/31\/1032655\/?fbclid=IwAR3MD1XPYsLTM5Cjf64FHWLXAmIqNrHpdLNgumMhp0N9U7363j37Mqjqvng\">Aravot.am quoted Vazgen Manukyan as saying.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first\" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'   itemprop=\"text\" ><p class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/file.wikileaks.org\/file\/crs\/RL30679.txt\" target=\"_self\">Unclassified documents of the U.S. Department of State<\/a>, also confirmed that no external forces were behind the tragedy.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">According to those documents, \u201cArmenia also was roiled when gunmen with apparently personal grievances assassinated the premier, legislative speaker, and six other politicians in late 1999, but a new speaker and premier were chosen peacefully.\"<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\"translation-block\">Even the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaktsutyun) refrained from accusing Levon Ter-Petrosyan, despite efforts by the Armenian Pan-National Movement\u2019s propaganda apparatus to link Vazgen Sargsyan\u2019s assassination to the ARF. These accusations were based on Nairi Hunanyan\u2019s phone call to ARF representative Hrant Margaryan. However, <a href=\"https:\/\/azg.am\/tpagir\/1999\/195.pdf\" target=\"_self\">analysis of the evidence showed<\/a>, that Hunanyan had made similar calls to many politicians and parliamentarians. These contacts were intended to mobilize support and were not directed against any specific individuals. Nairi attempted to gather people in front of the National Assembly, believing he would receive public backing and that his actions would free Armenia from Vazgen Sargsyan\u2019s tyranny.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Although Hunanyan\u2019s motivation was personal and sincere, the possibility cannot be excluded that his actions may have been used \u201cin an unwitting manner.\u201d History offers many examples in which an individual driven by a moral mission becomes an instrument for the strategies of others. The late 1990s in Armenia were marked by widespread public discontent, parliamentary instability, and intense debates over Nagorno-Karabakh. In such a context, the actions of individual actors could acquire strategic significance.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The mass media of the time actively reported on public dissatisfaction with the security structures, shaping an image of Sargsyan as an \u201cuncontrolled and unfair\u201d leader. Hunanyan was influenced by this highly negative media coverage and believed his actions would be perceived as a national act of revenge. Public discussions, calls to parliamentarians, media reports, and analytical articles created the illusion of such a necessity, ultimately pushing toward a radical solution.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Thus, Hunanyan may have acted independently, but his actions coincided with the interests of forces seeking an opportunity to reshape the political landscape and advance their strategic objectives. This coincidence does not prove the existence of a plot; it merely demonstrates how an individual act, in an oversaturated political and public environment, can serve as a catalyst for broader events.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div style='padding-bottom:10px;font-size:25px;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3  blockquote modern-quote   av-inherit-size'><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Conclusion: Consequences and Hidden  Mechanisms After October 27, 1999<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first\" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'   itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The tragedy of October 27, 1999, was not merely a bloody act of violence; it became a catalyst for broader political and strategic changes. Before these events, Robert Kocharyan\u2019s policy in the negotiation process was under clear pressure and control from Vazgen Sargsyan. After Sargsyan\u2019s assassination, Kocharyan gained greater freedom of action, which suggests that his earlier steps had been constrained by external influence.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">At the same time, a wide-ranging propaganda campaign was launched to discredit Kocharyan and to create the image of an \u201cexternal and internal plot,\u201d despite the absence of any evidence of his involvement in the October 27 events. This campaign likely pursued a strategic objective: to reestablish control over the president and preserve influence over key decisions related to the Karabakh negotiations and territorial issues.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Against this backdrop, the so-called Goble Plan, which envisaged the transfer of five regions surrounding Karabakh and the town of Meghri to Azerbaijan, was actively discussed. Following Sargsyan\u2019s death, no formal obstacles to the plan remained; however, the document was never signed. In October 1999, Strobe Talbott made numerous visits to Baku, Yerevan, and Ankara, indicating intensive diplomatic efforts that were largely unknown to the broader public at the time.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In November 1999, a delegation led by Ilham Aliyev arrived in Washington to discuss a territorial exchange involving Meghri and the regions around Nagorno-Karabakh. Unclassified U.S. Department of State documents indicate that pressure was exerted on President Kocharyan to implement these agreements. However, after the events of October 27, Kocharyan used domestic instability and the need to protect the border with Iran as grounds to delay the process and gain time, under the guise of consolidating internal support.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Within Armenia, the October 27 tragedy shattered a carefully constructed political scenario. Levon Ter-Petrosyan and Vazgen Sargsyan had planned to achieve strategic objectives \u2014 including territorial concessions and the normalization of relations with Turkey \u2014 through Kocharyan, and then remove him from the process so that Sargsyan could assume the presidency and complete the project. Nairi Hunanyan\u2019s actions disrupted this plan and led to chaotic developments, upsetting the balance of power and exposing the vulnerability of political schemes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Thus, the tragedy of October 27 was not only an act of violence but also a dramatic demonstration of how personal decisions by individual actors, combined with media propaganda and diplomatic maneuvering, can alter the course of national policy. In this sense, October 27 became a turning point at which hidden mechanisms of control, influence, and manipulation were revealed, once again demonstrating the multilayered nature of political reality.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><div class=\"flex_column av_one_fifth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first\" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/en\/2025\/12\/06\/kak-nachalas-katastrofa-v-armenii-ot-romantiki-nezavisimosti-k-sistemnoj-ujazvimosti-8212-glava-1\/\">Part One.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/en\/2025\/12\/08\/kak-nachalas-katastrofa-v-armenii-ot-romantiki-nezavisimosti-k-sistemnoj-ujazvimosti-chast-1-levon-ter-petrosjan-arhitektor-postsovetskoj-ujazvimosti-prodolzhenie\/\">Part 2.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/en\/2025\/12\/09\/kak-nachalas-katastrofa-v-armenii-ot-romantiki-nezavisimosti-k-sistemnoj-ujazvimosti-chast-1-levon-ter-petrosjan-arhitektor-postsovetskoj-ujazvimosti-prodolzhenie-2\/\">Part 3.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/en\/2025\/12\/09\/kak-nachalas-katastrofa-v-armenii-ot-romantiki-nezavisimosti-k-sistemnoj-ujazvimosti-chast-1-levon-ter-petrosjan-arhitektor-postsovetskoj-ujazvimosti-prodolzhenie-2\/\">The fourth part.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/en\/2025\/12\/15\/kak-nachalas-katastrofa-v-armenii-ot-romantiki-nezavisimosti-k-sistemnoj-ujazvimosti-chast-1-levon-ter-petrosjan-arhitektor-postsovetskoj-ujazvimosti-prodolzhenie-4\/\">Part Five<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/p>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_fifth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding\" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/en\/2025\/12\/17\/kak-nachalas-katastrofa-v-armenii-ot-romantiki-nezavisimosti-k-sistemnoj-ujazvimosti-8212-chast-2-plan-gobla-geopoliticheskij-kapkan-otkrytyj-v-1997-godu\/\">Sixth part.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/en\/2025\/12\/18\/kak-nachalas-katastrofa-v-armenii-ot-romantiki-nezavisimosti-k-sistemnoj-ujazvimosti-8212-chast-2-plan-gobla-geopoliticheskij-kapkan-otkrytyj-v-1997-godu-prodolzhenie\/\">Part Seven.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/en\/2025\/12\/20\/kak-nachalas-katastrofa-v-armenii-ot-romantiki-nezavisimosti-k-sistemnoj-ujazvimosti-8212-chast3-jepoha-roberta-kocharjana-1998-2008-inscenirovannyj-tranzit-kak-robert-kocharjan-prishjol-k-vlasti-i\/\">Part Eight.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div style='padding-bottom:10px;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h3'><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >TO BE CONTINUED\u2026<\/h3><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' ><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The tragedy of October 27, 1999, was not merely a bloody act of violence; it became a catalyst for broader political and strategic changes. Before these events, Robert Kocharyan\u2019s policy in the negotiation process was under clear pressure and control from Vazgen Sargsyan. After Sargsyan\u2019s assassination, Kocharyan gained greater freedom of action, which suggests that his earlier steps had been constrained by external influence.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7196,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[163,157],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7194","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-materialy-tribunala","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7194","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7194"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7194\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7232,"href":"https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7194\/revisions\/7232"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7196"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7194"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7194"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/armtribunal.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7194"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}